File does not begin with SPIFF, Exif or JFIF segment

Classification

Validator	Validator version	Error message type
jhove

File format	Version	Specification	Description	Location
image/jpeg		JPEG

Analyses

Analysis

Is it a bug in the validating software? - no

Possible solutions

Remake with ImageMagick

Suggestion

If the bits are not completely missing, use ImageMagick. If the bits are missing JHOVE reports ‘Expected marker byte 255 ‘ from JPEG-HUL and in that case 4 bytes can be added starting from position 7 in the file. Otherwise, the file more thoroughly corrupted.

Effects

Justification

Execution example

ImageMagick: convert <input> <output>

Repaired files

Output example

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<jhove xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://schema.openpreservation.org/ois/xml/ns/jhove" xsi:schemaLocation="http://schema.openpreservation.org/ois/xml/ns/jhove https://schema.openpreservation.org/ois/xml/xsd/jhove/1.8/jhove.xsd" name="Jhove" release="1.24.1" date="2020-03-16">
  <date>2023-01-25T14:01:57+02:00</date>
  <repInfo uri="_/110/110Vk/110Vk7/110Vk7_1.jpg">
    <reportingModule release="1.5.2" date="2019-11-05">JPEG-hul</reportingModule>
    <lastModified>2017-05-24T04:07:12+03:00</lastModified>
    <size>10027824</size>
    <format>JPEG</format>
    <status>Well-Formed, but not valid</status>
    <messages>
      <message offset="138" severity="error" id="JPEG-HUL-9">File does not begin with SPIFF, Exif or JFIF segment</message>
    </messages>
    <mimeType>image/jpeg</mimeType>
    <profiles>
      <profile>Adobe JPEG</profile>
    </profiles>
    <properties>
      <property>
        <name>JPEGMetadata</name>
        <values arity="List" type="Property">
          <property>
            <name>CompressionType</name>
            <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
              <value>Huffman coding, Baseline DCT</value>
            </values>
          </property>
          <property>
            <name>Images</name>
            <values arity="List" type="Property">
              <property>
                <name>Number</name>
                <values arity="Scalar" type="Integer">
                  <value>1</value>
                </values>
              </property>
              <property>
                <name>Image</name>
                <values arity="List" type="Property">
                  <property>
                    <name>NisoImageMetadata</name>
                    <values arity="Scalar" type="NISOImageMetadata">
                      <value>
                        <mix:mix xmlns:mix="http://www.loc.gov/mix/v20" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mix/v20 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mix/mix20/mix20.xsd">
                          <mix:BasicDigitalObjectInformation>
                            <mix:ObjectIdentifier>
                              <mix:objectIdentifierType>JHOVE</mix:objectIdentifierType>
                            </mix:ObjectIdentifier>
                            <mix:FormatDesignation>
                              <mix:formatName>image/jpeg</mix:formatName>
                            </mix:FormatDesignation>
                            <mix:byteOrder>big endian</mix:byteOrder>
                            <mix:Compression>
                              <mix:compressionScheme>JPEG</mix:compressionScheme>
                            </mix:Compression>
                          </mix:BasicDigitalObjectInformation>
                          <mix:BasicImageInformation>
                            <mix:BasicImageCharacteristics>
                              <mix:imageWidth>2336</mix:imageWidth>
                              <mix:imageHeight>3504</mix:imageHeight>
                              <mix:PhotometricInterpretation>
                                <mix:colorSpace>YCbCr</mix:colorSpace>
                              </mix:PhotometricInterpretation>
                            </mix:BasicImageCharacteristics>
                          </mix:BasicImageInformation>
                          <mix:ImageAssessmentMetadata>
                            <mix:ImageColorEncoding>
                              <mix:BitsPerSample>
                                <mix:bitsPerSampleValue>8</mix:bitsPerSampleValue>
                                <mix:bitsPerSampleValue>8</mix:bitsPerSampleValue>
                                <mix:bitsPerSampleValue>8</mix:bitsPerSampleValue>
                                <mix:bitsPerSampleUnit>integer</mix:bitsPerSampleUnit>
                              </mix:BitsPerSample>
                              <mix:samplesPerPixel>3</mix:samplesPerPixel>
                            </mix:ImageColorEncoding>
                          </mix:ImageAssessmentMetadata>
                        </mix:mix>
                      </value>
                    </values>
                  </property>
                  <property>
                    <name>PixelAspectRatio</name>
                    <values arity="List" type="Property">
                      <property>
                        <name>PixelAspectRatioX</name>
                        <values arity="Scalar" type="Integer">
                          <value>0</value>
                        </values>
                      </property>
                      <property>
                        <name>PixelAspectRatioY</name>
                        <values arity="Scalar" type="Integer">
                          <value>0</value>
                        </values>
                      </property>
                    </values>
                  </property>
                  <property>
                    <name>RestartInterval</name>
                    <values arity="Scalar" type="Integer">
                      <value>292</value>
                    </values>
                  </property>
                  <property>
                    <name>Scans</name>
                    <values arity="Scalar" type="Integer">
                      <value>1</value>
                    </values>
                  </property>
                  <property>
                    <name>QuantizationTables</name>
                    <values arity="List" type="Property">
                      <property>
                        <name>QuantizationTable</name>
                        <values arity="Array" type="Property">
                          <property>
                            <name>Precision</name>
                            <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
                              <value>8-bit</value>
                            </values>
                          </property>
                          <property>
                            <name>DestinationIdentifier</name>
                            <values arity="Scalar" type="Integer">
                              <value>0</value>
                            </values>
                          </property>
                        </values>
                      </property>
                    </values>
                  </property>
                </values>
              </property>
            </values>
          </property>
          <property>
            <name>ApplicationSegments</name>
            <values arity="List" type="String">
              <value>APP14</value>
            </values>
          </property>
        </values>
      </property>
    </properties>
  </repInfo>
</jhove>

Notes on the error

The example output is formatted with xmllint.

Related errors by source files

jhove:  File does not begin with SPIFF, Exif or JFIF segment
python image library:   SyntaxError: not a TIFF file (header b'Exif\x00aII' not valid)

Notice: any operation suggested on this page should be carefully considered before use, as this article is in continuous development.