Annotation object is not a dictionary

Classification

Validator	Validator version	Error message type
JHOVE	1.32.1

File format	Version	Specification	Description	Location
application/pdf	1.4			OPF

Analyses

No investigations yet.

Note

To help, share and save knowledge about fixing validation errors, please see: https://github.com/Digital-Preservation-Finland/knowledge-base/tree/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.rst

Possible solutions

No remediation determined. All solutions are listed here.

Note

To update or provide a solution, please see: https://github.com/Digital-Preservation-Finland/knowledge-base/tree/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.rst

Output example

Validator returned error.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<jhove xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://schema.openpreservation.org/ois/xml/ns/jhove" xsi:schemaLocation="http://schema.openpreservation.org/ois/xml/ns/jhove https://schema.openpreservation.org/ois/xml/xsd/jhove/1.9/jhove.xsd" name="Jhove" release="1.32.1" date="2025-02-06">
 <date>2026-06-15T15:16:15+03:00</date>
 <repInfo uri="/corpus/format-corpus/jhove-errors/PDF-HUL-114/LLMImplicationsforScience.pdf">
  <reportingModule release="1.12.7" date="2024-08-22">PDF-hul</reportingModule>
  <lastModified>2026-06-15T13:22:12+03:00</lastModified>
  <size>1598244</size>
  <format>PDF</format>
  <version>1.4</version>
  <status>Well-Formed, but not valid</status>
  <sigMatch>
  <module>PDF-hul</module>
  </sigMatch>
  <messages>
   <message offset="5945" severity="error" id="PDF-HUL-114" infoLink="https://github.com/openpreserve/jhove/wiki/PDF-hul-Messages#pdf-hul-114">Annotation object is not a dictionary</message>
  </messages>
  <mimeType>application/pdf</mimeType>
  <profiles>
   <profile>Linearized PDF</profile>
  </profiles>
  <properties>
   <property>
    <name>PDFMetadata</name>
    <values arity="List" type="Property">
    <property>
     <name>Objects</name>
     <values arity="Scalar" type="Integer">
      <value>2630</value>
     </values>
    </property>
    <property>
     <name>FreeObjects</name>
     <values arity="Scalar" type="Integer">
      <value>2288</value>
     </values>
    </property>
    <property>
     <name>IncrementalUpdates</name>
     <values arity="Scalar" type="Integer">
      <value>1</value>
     </values>
    </property>
    <property>
     <name>DocumentCatalog</name>
     <values arity="List" type="Property">
     <property>
      <name>ViewerPreferences</name>
      <values arity="List" type="Property">
      <property>
       <name>HideToolbar</name>
       <values arity="Scalar" type="Boolean">
        <value>false</value>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>HideMenubar</name>
       <values arity="Scalar" type="Boolean">
        <value>false</value>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>HideWindowUI</name>
       <values arity="Scalar" type="Boolean">
        <value>false</value>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>FitWindow</name>
       <values arity="Scalar" type="Boolean">
        <value>false</value>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>CenterWindow</name>
       <values arity="Scalar" type="Boolean">
        <value>false</value>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>DisplayDocTitle</name>
       <values arity="Scalar" type="Boolean">
        <value>false</value>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>NonFullScreenPageMode</name>
       <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
        <value>UseNone</value>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>Direction</name>
       <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
        <value>L2R</value>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>ViewArea</name>
       <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
        <value>CropBox</value>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>ViewClip</name>
       <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
        <value>CropBox</value>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>PrintArea</name>
       <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
        <value>CropBox</value>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>PageClip</name>
       <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
        <value>CropBox</value>
       </values>
      </property>
      </values>
     </property>
     <property>
      <name>PageLayout</name>
      <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
       <value>SinglePage</value>
      </values>
     </property>
     <property>
      <name>PageMode</name>
      <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
       <value>UseNone</value>
      </values>
     </property>
     <property>
      <name>Language</name>
      <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
       <value>en-US</value>
      </values>
     </property>
     </values>
    </property>
    <property>
     <name>Info</name>
     <values arity="List" type="Property">
     <property>
      <name>Creator</name>
      <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
       <value>Adobe InDesign 16.4 (Macintosh)</value>
      </values>
     </property>
     <property>
      <name>Producer</name>
      <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
       <value>Adobe PDF Library 16.0</value>
      </values>
     </property>
     <property>
      <name>CreationDate</name>
      <values arity="Scalar" type="Date">
       <value>Thu Apr 14 22:07:14 EEST 2022</value>
      </values>
     </property>
     <property>
      <name>ModDate</name>
      <values arity="Scalar" type="Date">
       <value>Thu Apr 14 22:07:16 EEST 2022</value>
      </values>
     </property>
     </values>
    </property>
    <property>
     <name>ID</name>
     <values arity="Array" type="String">
      <value>0x328095f966cb4f499f88cdfc32715c05</value>
      <value>0xd729c85385174221bdbffdbed8a2153f</value>
     </values>
    </property>
    <property>
     <name>Filters</name>
     <values arity="List" type="Property">
     <property>
      <name>FilterPipeline</name>
      <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
       <value>FlateDecode</value>
      </values>
     </property>
     <property>
      <name>FilterPipeline</name>
      <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
       <value>DCTDecode</value>
      </values>
     </property>
     </values>
    </property>
    <property>
     <name>Images</name>
     <values arity="List" type="Property">
     <property>
      <name>Image</name>
      <values arity="List" type="Property">
      <property>
       <name>NisoImageMetadata</name>
       <values arity="Scalar" type="NISOImageMetadata">
        <value>
      <mix:mix xmlns:mix="http://www.loc.gov/mix/v20" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mix/v20 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mix/mix20/mix20.xsd">
       <mix:BasicDigitalObjectInformation>
        <mix:ObjectIdentifier>
         <mix:objectIdentifierType>JHOVE</mix:objectIdentifierType>
        </mix:ObjectIdentifier>
        <mix:FormatDesignation>
         <mix:formatName>image/jpg</mix:formatName>
        </mix:FormatDesignation>
        <mix:Compression>
         <mix:compressionScheme>JPEG</mix:compressionScheme>
        </mix:Compression>
       </mix:BasicDigitalObjectInformation>
       <mix:BasicImageInformation>
        <mix:BasicImageCharacteristics>
         <mix:imageWidth>1237</mix:imageWidth>
         <mix:imageHeight>755</mix:imageHeight>
         <mix:PhotometricInterpretation>
          <mix:colorSpace>RGB</mix:colorSpace>
         </mix:PhotometricInterpretation>
        </mix:BasicImageCharacteristics>
       </mix:BasicImageInformation>
       <mix:ImageAssessmentMetadata>
        <mix:ImageColorEncoding>
         <mix:BitsPerSample>
          <mix:bitsPerSampleValue>8</mix:bitsPerSampleValue>
          <mix:bitsPerSampleUnit>integer</mix:bitsPerSampleUnit>
         </mix:BitsPerSample>
        </mix:ImageColorEncoding>
       </mix:ImageAssessmentMetadata>
      </mix:mix>
        </value>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>Intent</name>
       <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
        <value>RelativeColorimetric</value>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>Name</name>
       <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
        <value>X</value>
       </values>
      </property>
      </values>
     </property>
     <property>
      <name>Image</name>
      <values arity="List" type="Property">
      <property>
       <name>NisoImageMetadata</name>
       <values arity="Scalar" type="NISOImageMetadata">
        <value>
      <mix:mix xmlns:mix="http://www.loc.gov/mix/v20" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mix/v20 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mix/mix20/mix20.xsd">
       <mix:BasicDigitalObjectInformation>
        <mix:ObjectIdentifier>
         <mix:objectIdentifierType>JHOVE</mix:objectIdentifierType>
        </mix:ObjectIdentifier>
        <mix:FormatDesignation>
         <mix:formatName>image/jpg</mix:formatName>
        </mix:FormatDesignation>
        <mix:Compression>
         <mix:compressionScheme>JPEG</mix:compressionScheme>
        </mix:Compression>
       </mix:BasicDigitalObjectInformation>
       <mix:BasicImageInformation>
        <mix:BasicImageCharacteristics>
         <mix:imageWidth>970</mix:imageWidth>
         <mix:imageHeight>588</mix:imageHeight>
         <mix:PhotometricInterpretation>
          <mix:colorSpace>BlackIsZero</mix:colorSpace>
         </mix:PhotometricInterpretation>
        </mix:BasicImageCharacteristics>
       </mix:BasicImageInformation>
       <mix:ImageAssessmentMetadata>
        <mix:ImageColorEncoding>
         <mix:BitsPerSample>
          <mix:bitsPerSampleValue>8</mix:bitsPerSampleValue>
          <mix:bitsPerSampleUnit>integer</mix:bitsPerSampleUnit>
         </mix:BitsPerSample>
        </mix:ImageColorEncoding>
       </mix:ImageAssessmentMetadata>
      </mix:mix>
        </value>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>Intent</name>
       <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
        <value>RelativeColorimetric</value>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>Name</name>
       <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
        <value>X</value>
       </values>
      </property>
      </values>
     </property>
     <property>
      <name>Image</name>
      <values arity="List" type="Property">
      <property>
       <name>NisoImageMetadata</name>
       <values arity="Scalar" type="NISOImageMetadata">
        <value>
      <mix:mix xmlns:mix="http://www.loc.gov/mix/v20" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mix/v20 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mix/mix20/mix20.xsd">
       <mix:BasicDigitalObjectInformation>
        <mix:ObjectIdentifier>
         <mix:objectIdentifierType>JHOVE</mix:objectIdentifierType>
        </mix:ObjectIdentifier>
        <mix:FormatDesignation>
         <mix:formatName>image/jpg</mix:formatName>
        </mix:FormatDesignation>
        <mix:Compression>
         <mix:compressionScheme>JPEG</mix:compressionScheme>
        </mix:Compression>
       </mix:BasicDigitalObjectInformation>
       <mix:BasicImageInformation>
        <mix:BasicImageCharacteristics>
         <mix:imageWidth>1237</mix:imageWidth>
         <mix:imageHeight>759</mix:imageHeight>
         <mix:PhotometricInterpretation>
          <mix:colorSpace>RGB</mix:colorSpace>
         </mix:PhotometricInterpretation>
        </mix:BasicImageCharacteristics>
       </mix:BasicImageInformation>
       <mix:ImageAssessmentMetadata>
        <mix:ImageColorEncoding>
         <mix:BitsPerSample>
          <mix:bitsPerSampleValue>8</mix:bitsPerSampleValue>
          <mix:bitsPerSampleUnit>integer</mix:bitsPerSampleUnit>
         </mix:BitsPerSample>
        </mix:ImageColorEncoding>
       </mix:ImageAssessmentMetadata>
      </mix:mix>
        </value>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>Intent</name>
       <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
        <value>RelativeColorimetric</value>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>Name</name>
       <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
        <value>X</value>
       </values>
      </property>
      </values>
     </property>
     <property>
      <name>Image</name>
      <values arity="List" type="Property">
      <property>
       <name>NisoImageMetadata</name>
       <values arity="Scalar" type="NISOImageMetadata">
        <value>
      <mix:mix xmlns:mix="http://www.loc.gov/mix/v20" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mix/v20 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mix/mix20/mix20.xsd">
       <mix:BasicDigitalObjectInformation>
        <mix:ObjectIdentifier>
         <mix:objectIdentifierType>JHOVE</mix:objectIdentifierType>
        </mix:ObjectIdentifier>
        <mix:FormatDesignation>
         <mix:formatName>image/jpg</mix:formatName>
        </mix:FormatDesignation>
        <mix:Compression>
         <mix:compressionScheme>JPEG</mix:compressionScheme>
        </mix:Compression>
       </mix:BasicDigitalObjectInformation>
       <mix:BasicImageInformation>
        <mix:BasicImageCharacteristics>
         <mix:imageWidth>1233</mix:imageWidth>
         <mix:imageHeight>832</mix:imageHeight>
         <mix:PhotometricInterpretation>
          <mix:colorSpace>RGB</mix:colorSpace>
         </mix:PhotometricInterpretation>
        </mix:BasicImageCharacteristics>
       </mix:BasicImageInformation>
       <mix:ImageAssessmentMetadata>
        <mix:ImageColorEncoding>
         <mix:BitsPerSample>
          <mix:bitsPerSampleValue>8</mix:bitsPerSampleValue>
          <mix:bitsPerSampleUnit>integer</mix:bitsPerSampleUnit>
         </mix:BitsPerSample>
        </mix:ImageColorEncoding>
       </mix:ImageAssessmentMetadata>
      </mix:mix>
        </value>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>Intent</name>
       <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
        <value>RelativeColorimetric</value>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>Name</name>
       <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
        <value>X</value>
       </values>
      </property>
      </values>
     </property>
     </values>
    </property>
    <property>
     <name>Fonts</name>
     <values arity="List" type="Property">
     <property>
      <name>Type0</name>
      <values arity="List" type="Property">
      <property>
       <name>Font</name>
       <values arity="List" type="Property">
       <property>
        <name>BaseFont</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
         <value>ROJWEE+NunitoSans-Regular</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>Encoding</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
         <value>Identity-H</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>ToUnicode</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="Boolean">
         <value>true</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>Font</name>
       <values arity="List" type="Property">
       <property>
        <name>BaseFont</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
         <value>ROJWEE+NunitoSans-SemiBold</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>Encoding</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
         <value>Identity-H</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>ToUnicode</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="Boolean">
         <value>true</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>Font</name>
       <values arity="List" type="Property">
       <property>
        <name>BaseFont</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
         <value>ROJWEE+NunitoSans-Black</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>Encoding</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
         <value>Identity-H</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>ToUnicode</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="Boolean">
         <value>true</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>Font</name>
       <values arity="List" type="Property">
       <property>
        <name>BaseFont</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
         <value>ROJWEE+Merriweather-Regular</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>Encoding</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
         <value>Identity-H</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>ToUnicode</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="Boolean">
         <value>true</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>Font</name>
       <values arity="List" type="Property">
       <property>
        <name>BaseFont</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
         <value>ROJWEE+NunitoSans-Italic</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>Encoding</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
         <value>Identity-H</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>ToUnicode</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="Boolean">
         <value>true</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       </values>
      </property>
      </values>
     </property>
     <property>
      <name>TrueType</name>
      <values arity="List" type="Property">
      <property>
       <name>Font</name>
       <values arity="List" type="Property">
       <property>
        <name>BaseFont</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
         <value>ROJWEE+NunitoSans-ExtraBold</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>FontSubset</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="Boolean">
         <value>true</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>FirstChar</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="Integer">
         <value>32</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>LastChar</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="Integer">
         <value>146</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>FontDescriptor</name>
        <values arity="List" type="Property">
        <property>
         <name>FontName</name>
         <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
          <value>ROJWEE+NunitoSans-ExtraBold</value>
         </values>
        </property>
        <property>
         <name>Flags</name>
         <values arity="List" type="String">
          <value>Nonsymbolic</value>
         </values>
        </property>
        <property>
         <name>FontBBox</name>
         <values arity="Array" type="Integer">
          <value>-356</value>
          <value>-275</value>
          <value>1322</value>
          <value>1081</value>
         </values>
        </property>
        <property>
         <name>FontFile2</name>
         <values arity="Scalar" type="Boolean">
          <value>true</value>
         </values>
        </property>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>Encoding</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
         <value>WinAnsiEncoding</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>ToUnicode</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="Boolean">
         <value>true</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>Font</name>
       <values arity="List" type="Property">
       <property>
        <name>BaseFont</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
         <value>ROJWEE+NunitoSans-Regular</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>FontSubset</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="Boolean">
         <value>true</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>FirstChar</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="Integer">
         <value>32</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>LastChar</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="Integer">
         <value>169</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>Encoding</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
         <value>WinAnsiEncoding</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>ToUnicode</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="Boolean">
         <value>true</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>Font</name>
       <values arity="List" type="Property">
       <property>
        <name>BaseFont</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
         <value>ROJWEE+NunitoSans-Black</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>FontSubset</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="Boolean">
         <value>true</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>FirstChar</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="Integer">
         <value>32</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>LastChar</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="Integer">
         <value>122</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>FontDescriptor</name>
        <values arity="List" type="Property">
        <property>
         <name>FontName</name>
         <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
          <value>ROJWEE+NunitoSans-Black</value>
         </values>
        </property>
        <property>
         <name>Flags</name>
         <values arity="List" type="String">
          <value>Nonsymbolic</value>
         </values>
        </property>
        <property>
         <name>FontBBox</name>
         <values arity="Array" type="Integer">
          <value>-366</value>
          <value>-313</value>
          <value>1341</value>
          <value>1084</value>
         </values>
        </property>
        <property>
         <name>FontFile2</name>
         <values arity="Scalar" type="Boolean">
          <value>true</value>
         </values>
        </property>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>Encoding</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
         <value>WinAnsiEncoding</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>ToUnicode</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="Boolean">
         <value>true</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       </values>
      </property>
      <property>
       <name>Font</name>
       <values arity="List" type="Property">
       <property>
        <name>BaseFont</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
         <value>ROJWEE+NunitoSans-Light</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>FontSubset</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="Boolean">
         <value>true</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>FirstChar</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="Integer">
         <value>48</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>LastChar</name>
        <values arity="Scalar" type="Integer">
         <value>57</value>
        </values>
       </property>
       <property>
        <name>FontDescriptor</name>
        <values arity="List" type="Property">
        <property>
         <name>FontName</name>
         <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
          <value>ROJWEE+NunitoSans-Light</value>
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      &lt;/rdf:Description&gt;
   &lt;/rdf:RDF&gt;
&lt;/x:xmpmeta&gt;</value>
     </values>
    </property>
    </values>
   </property>
  </properties>
 </repInfo>
</jhove>

Notes on the error

Related errors by source files

JHOVE:  Annotation object is not a dictionary

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