.. _4d921e14-4c39-4eae-9ff9-f1098cc56f38: ================================================== Missing expected element in page number dictionary ================================================== .. contents:: :depth: 2 -------------- Classification -------------- .. list-table:: :align: center * - **Validator** - **Validator version** - **Error message type** * - JHOVE - 1.32.1 - .. list-table:: :align: center * - **File format** - **Version** - **Specification** - **Description** - **Location** * - application/pdf - 1.6 - - - `OPF `__ -------- Analyses -------- No investigations yet. .. note:: To help, share and save knowledge about fixing validation errors, please see: https://github.com/Digital-Preservation-Finland/knowledge-base/tree/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.rst ------------------ Possible solutions ------------------ .. contents:: :local: No remediation determined. All solutions are listed :ref:`here `. .. note:: To update or provide a solution, please see: https://github.com/Digital-Preservation-Finland/knowledge-base/tree/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.rst -------------- Output example -------------- :: Validator returned error. 2026-06-15T15:20:40+03:00 PDF-hul 2026-06-15T13:22:17+03:00 600335 PDF 1.6 Well-Formed, but not valid PDF-hul Missing expected element in page number dictionary application/pdf Linearized PDF PDFMetadata Objects 597 FreeObjects 1 IncrementalUpdates 1 DocumentCatalog PageLayout SinglePage PageMode UseOutlines Outlines Item Title To further isolate the benefit provided by the initial learning experience for the apes’ subsequent memory in the test session, each individual was then assigned a difference score indexing their relative improvement in the test session after the one-... Item Title Study 2 examined developmental changes in apes’ memory for multiple locations in a larger space. Overall, apes found M = 1.08 ± SE = 0.15 test pieces, but only 0.16 ± 0.05 control pieces, a significant difference [t72 = 6.48, p < 0.0001]. This indicat... Item Title Figure 2: Memory after a long delay (Study 1). (a) Mean performance in the learning session and test session one week later; error bars indicate SE. (b) Scatter plot of difference scores (indexing each individual’s relative improvement between the int... Item Title Figure 3: Learning about rewarded locations across trials (Study 1). Estimated values for correct responses, split by session (initial learning trials versus test trials after 1-week delay) and age cohort (infants versus older) for both species. Estim... Item Title Figure 4: Memory for multiple locations (Study 2). (a) Mean number of test and control pieces found across species and age cohorts; error bars indicate SE. (b) Scatter plot of difference score (indexing each individual’s spatial specificity of searche... Item Title Figure 5: Motivation control (Study 3). A subset of individuals who found few pieces in Study 2 were later tested in a subsequent motivation control session where food was placed visibly on the ground. Graph depicts mean test pieces found in Study 2 v... Item Title Table 1: Factors influencing performance in the long delay task (Study 1). Item Title Table 2: Factors influencing performance in the multiple locations task (Study 2). Info Title Heterochrony in chimpanzee and bonobo spatial memory development CreationDate Tue Mar 26 13:17:36 EET 2019 ModDate Tue Mar 26 13:17:36 EET 2019 ID 0xa796be85ece1d2b7f83580dc9ec99610 0x9ba00e3096532149816d20917540a2ac Filters FilterPipeline FlateDecode Images Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 720 564 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Name X Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 BlackIsZero 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 975 390 8 integer Filter FlateDecode Name X Image NisoImageMetadata JHOVE image/png 51 491 8 integer Filter FlateDecode ColorSpace ICCBased Image 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<xmp:MetadataDate>2019-03-26T16:17:36+05:30</xmp:MetadataDate> <xmpMM:DocumentID>uuid:56a0e839-3df3-47ce-b964-3ce3ece535ef</xmpMM:DocumentID> <xmpMM:InstanceID>uuid:13f815e5-52bf-4a55-af6a-43b24c9de976</xmpMM:InstanceID> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF> </x:xmpmeta> ------------------ Notes on the error ------------------ ------------------------------ Related errors by source files ------------------------------ :: JHOVE: Missing expected element in page number dictionary Notice: any operation suggested on this page should be carefully considered before use, as this article is in continuous development. Data is available at https://github.com/Digital-Preservation-Finland/knowledge-base.