.. _3199117a-c878-44e7-b7ba-d42a577301b9:

====================================================
File does not begin with SPIFF, Exif or JFIF segment
====================================================

.. contents::
   :depth: 2

--------------
Classification
--------------

.. list-table::
   :align: center

   * - **Validator**
     - **Validator version**
     - **Error message type**
   * - jhove
     - 
     - 


.. list-table::
   :align: center

   * - **File format**
     - **Version**
     - **Specification**
     - **Description**
     - **Location**
   * - image/jpeg
     - 
     - `JPEG <https://jpeg.org/jpeg/index.html>`__
     - No file locations.
     - :ref:`corpus <database/sources/image_jpeg/general>`

--------
Analyses
--------

Analysis
========





Is it a bug in the validating software? - no


------------------
Possible solutions
------------------
.. contents::
   :local:


Remake image with ImageMagick
=============================

The suggestion
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

If the bits are not completely missing, use ImageMagick. If the bits are missing JHOVE reports 'Expected marker byte 255 ' from JPEG-HUL and in that case 4 bytes can be added starting from position 7 in the file. Otherwise, the file more thoroughly corrupted.

Execution
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

	``convert <input file> <output file>``

Tested with: 

Effects
~~~~~~~



Justification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~



Migrated files
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

No suggestion determined. All solutions are listed for browsing :ref:`in here <solutions-list>`.

--------------
Output example
--------------

::


	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
	<jhove xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://schema.openpreservation.org/ois/xml/ns/jhove" xsi:schemaLocation="http://schema.openpreservation.org/ois/xml/ns/jhove https://schema.openpreservation.org/ois/xml/xsd/jhove/1.8/jhove.xsd" name="Jhove" release="1.24.1" date="2020-03-16">
	  <date>2023-01-25T14:01:57+02:00</date>
	  <repInfo uri="_/110/110Vk/110Vk7/110Vk7_1.jpg">
	    <reportingModule release="1.5.2" date="2019-11-05">JPEG-hul</reportingModule>
	    <lastModified>2017-05-24T04:07:12+03:00</lastModified>
	    <size>10027824</size>
	    <format>JPEG</format>
	    <status>Well-Formed, but not valid</status>
	    <messages>
	      <message offset="138" severity="error" id="JPEG-HUL-9">File does not begin with SPIFF, Exif or JFIF segment</message>
	    </messages>
	    <mimeType>image/jpeg</mimeType>
	    <profiles>
	      <profile>Adobe JPEG</profile>
	    </profiles>
	    <properties>
	      <property>
	        <name>JPEGMetadata</name>
	        <values arity="List" type="Property">
	          <property>
	            <name>CompressionType</name>
	            <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
	              <value>Huffman coding, Baseline DCT</value>
	            </values>
	          </property>
	          <property>
	            <name>Images</name>
	            <values arity="List" type="Property">
	              <property>
	                <name>Number</name>
	                <values arity="Scalar" type="Integer">
	                  <value>1</value>
	                </values>
	              </property>
	              <property>
	                <name>Image</name>
	                <values arity="List" type="Property">
	                  <property>
	                    <name>NisoImageMetadata</name>
	                    <values arity="Scalar" type="NISOImageMetadata">
	                      <value>
	                        <mix:mix xmlns:mix="http://www.loc.gov/mix/v20" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mix/v20 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mix/mix20/mix20.xsd">
	                          <mix:BasicDigitalObjectInformation>
	                            <mix:ObjectIdentifier>
	                              <mix:objectIdentifierType>JHOVE</mix:objectIdentifierType>
	                            </mix:ObjectIdentifier>
	                            <mix:FormatDesignation>
	                              <mix:formatName>image/jpeg</mix:formatName>
	                            </mix:FormatDesignation>
	                            <mix:byteOrder>big endian</mix:byteOrder>
	                            <mix:Compression>
	                              <mix:compressionScheme>JPEG</mix:compressionScheme>
	                            </mix:Compression>
	                          </mix:BasicDigitalObjectInformation>
	                          <mix:BasicImageInformation>
	                            <mix:BasicImageCharacteristics>
	                              <mix:imageWidth>2336</mix:imageWidth>
	                              <mix:imageHeight>3504</mix:imageHeight>
	                              <mix:PhotometricInterpretation>
	                                <mix:colorSpace>YCbCr</mix:colorSpace>
	                              </mix:PhotometricInterpretation>
	                            </mix:BasicImageCharacteristics>
	                          </mix:BasicImageInformation>
	                          <mix:ImageAssessmentMetadata>
	                            <mix:ImageColorEncoding>
	                              <mix:BitsPerSample>
	                                <mix:bitsPerSampleValue>8</mix:bitsPerSampleValue>
	                                <mix:bitsPerSampleValue>8</mix:bitsPerSampleValue>
	                                <mix:bitsPerSampleValue>8</mix:bitsPerSampleValue>
	                                <mix:bitsPerSampleUnit>integer</mix:bitsPerSampleUnit>
	                              </mix:BitsPerSample>
	                              <mix:samplesPerPixel>3</mix:samplesPerPixel>
	                            </mix:ImageColorEncoding>
	                          </mix:ImageAssessmentMetadata>
	                        </mix:mix>
	                      </value>
	                    </values>
	                  </property>
	                  <property>
	                    <name>PixelAspectRatio</name>
	                    <values arity="List" type="Property">
	                      <property>
	                        <name>PixelAspectRatioX</name>
	                        <values arity="Scalar" type="Integer">
	                          <value>0</value>
	                        </values>
	                      </property>
	                      <property>
	                        <name>PixelAspectRatioY</name>
	                        <values arity="Scalar" type="Integer">
	                          <value>0</value>
	                        </values>
	                      </property>
	                    </values>
	                  </property>
	                  <property>
	                    <name>RestartInterval</name>
	                    <values arity="Scalar" type="Integer">
	                      <value>292</value>
	                    </values>
	                  </property>
	                  <property>
	                    <name>Scans</name>
	                    <values arity="Scalar" type="Integer">
	                      <value>1</value>
	                    </values>
	                  </property>
	                  <property>
	                    <name>QuantizationTables</name>
	                    <values arity="List" type="Property">
	                      <property>
	                        <name>QuantizationTable</name>
	                        <values arity="Array" type="Property">
	                          <property>
	                            <name>Precision</name>
	                            <values arity="Scalar" type="String">
	                              <value>8-bit</value>
	                            </values>
	                          </property>
	                          <property>
	                            <name>DestinationIdentifier</name>
	                            <values arity="Scalar" type="Integer">
	                              <value>0</value>
	                            </values>
	                          </property>
	                        </values>
	                      </property>
	                    </values>
	                  </property>
	                </values>
	              </property>
	            </values>
	          </property>
	          <property>
	            <name>ApplicationSegments</name>
	            <values arity="List" type="String">
	              <value>APP14</value>
	            </values>
	          </property>
	        </values>
	      </property>
	    </properties>
	  </repInfo>
	</jhove>
	


------------------
Notes on the error
------------------

The example output is formatted with xmllint.


------------------------------
Related errors by source files
------------------------------

::

	jhove:	File does not begin with SPIFF, Exif or JFIF segment
	python image library:	SyntaxError: not a TIFF file (header b'Exif\x00aII' not valid)

Notice: any operation suggested on this page should be carefully considered before use, as this article is in continuous development. Data is available at https://github.com/Digital-Preservation-Finland/knowledge-base.